Special Issue-Dec 2010 International Journal of Imaging Science and Engineering
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| 1. |
An Approach to Improve the Efficiency of Optical System for Inter-Satellite Laser Communication [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
K.Shantha lakshmi, Dr.R.Sudhakar, M.P.Senthilkumar |
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Abstract |
The optical system proposed in this paper is developed from double reflector cassegrain antenna with parabolic contour for the main dish and a hyperbolic contour for the sub-dish. Due to the enhancement of obscuration of secondary mirror, the large amount of transmitted power is blocked, hence diffractive optical elements(DOE) are added .Even though the pre-collimator used for magnification ,adaptive optical system need additional diffractive phase corrector and beam shaper which can diffract the obscured part of transmitted beam into the domain unobscured by the secondary mirror and improve beam quality. In the Design of DOEs, Phase profile of DOEs are calculated using GS algorithm. the beam divergence is unchanged and peak intensity of receiver plane increased, so nearly hundred percent emission efficiency of new figuration is achieved. |
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Keywords |
Fonts, formatting, margins |
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| 2. |
Bandwidth Enhancement of Coaxial Feed U Slotted Microstrip Antenna Modeled with FDTD Algorithm [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
D.Sugumar , Shalet sydney, Dhanaraju Athina, T.Joyce Selvahephzibah |
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Abstract |
The aim of this paper is to design a U slotted rectangular patch antenna by way of direct coaxial probe feed technique and compare it’s performance with non slotted and rectangular slotted icrostrip patch antenna. The composite
effect of integrating these techniques offers a low profile, high gain, broadband and compact antenna element. Parameters like return loss, radiation pattern and bandwidth are analyzed
using FDTD algorithm in MATLAB. From the simulated results, Bandwidth for the rectangular slotted antenna and U
slotted antenna was found to be 2.4 times and 2.84 times respectively, that of the non slotted rectangular microstrip
antenna. Also better directivity was observed. The experimental results supported the same. The U slotted
microstrip antenna is fabricated and the radiation pattern is measured. Details of the antenna design and simulated results are presented and discussed. |
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Keywords |
Bandwidth Enhancement, FDTDAlgorithm,microstrip Patch Antenna, Radiation pattern. |
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| 3. |
Evaluating the Performance of Filtering Techniques for Feature Selection in High Dimensional Imbalanced Dataset [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
T.Deepa, Dr.M.Punithavalli |
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Abstract |
In Mining High-Dimensional Imbalanced
dataset(where one class outnumbers the other) feature selection is an important and crucial task. Filtering Technique is the simplest feature selection methodology used to extract features in High-Dimensional database. This paper involves evaluating the performance of commonly used filtering techniques and proposes the accurate technique for feature selection. The Techniques are
evaluated using micro array dataset. |
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Keywords |
Feature selection, Imbalanced dataset,Sampling, Under sampling, Oversampling. |
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| 4. |
Financial Market Analysis of Bombay Stock Exchange using an Agent Based Model [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
Rahul Seshadri.G, Hariharan.A, PN Kumar, VP Mohandas, P Balasubramanian |
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Abstract |
Returns on stocks have traditionally been modelled by fitting a suitable statistical process to empirical returns.
Studies on agent based of stock market have been carried out by researchers, primarily on US markets. This paper
analyzes the empirical features generated using historical data from the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), employing
the concept of agent based model proposed by LeBaron[2,3,8]. Agent-based approach to stock market considers stock prices as arising from the interaction of a number of individual investors. These investors are modeled as intelligent agents, using differing lengths of past information, each trading with its own rules adapting and
evolving over time, and this in turn determines the market prices. It is seen that the model generates some features that are similar to those from actual data of the BSE. |
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Keywords |
agent based , financial forecasting, riskyassets, risk free assets, Feed Forward Neural Networks,rational expectations price, forward testing |
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| 5. |
Image Clustering and Retrieval using Image Mining Techniques [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
A.Kannan, Dr.V.Mohan, Dr.N.Anbazhagan |
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Abstract |
Image retrieval is the basic requirement task in the present scenario. Content Based Image Retrieval is the popular image retrieval system by which the
target image to be retrieved based on the useful features of the given image. In other end, image mining is the
arising concept which can be used to extract potential information from the general collection of images. Target or close Images can be retrieved in a little fast if it is clustered in a right manner. |
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Keywords |
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| 6. |
Optimal Security Analysis on Wireless Sensor Network [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
D.karthik, Dr.Prof.Dr.S.Nagarajan |
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Abstract |
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are likely to be potentially composed of thousands of tiny sensor nodes, functioning autonomously. There are set of challenges in developing WSN, we focus on security of Wireless Sensor Network in this paper. We propose some of the security goal for WSN. Security is being vital factor for acceptance and use of sensor networks for many applications. We have made an in depth threat analysis of Wireless Sensor Network. We also propose some countermeasures against these threats in WSN. |
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Keywords |
Security, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) |
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| 7. |
Performance Analysis of Congestion Reduction in Wireless Sensor Networks [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
T.V.P.Sundararajan,M.Thiyaneswaran,Dr.A.Shanmugam |
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Abstract |
Data generated in Wireless Sensor Networks are always different. Some data may be more essential than others and hence we need to have different delivery
requirements. With large deployment sizes, congestion becomes an essential problem. Congestion may lead to indiscriminate dropping of data. It also results in an increase in energy consumption to route packets that will be
dropped downstream as links become saturated. It is necessary to address the differentiated data delivery in the
presence of congestion in Wireless Sensor Networks. In this article we propose an algorithm of Congestion reduction routing(CRR) that enforce differentiated routing based on
the congested areas of a network and data priority. Our algorithm uses the enhanced AODV with priority queuing
technique. CRR of network layer discovers the congested zone of the network that exists between high-priority data sources and the data sink and, using simple forwarding rules, dedicates this portion of the network to forwarding primarily high-priority traffic. CRR outperforms in the
QOS parameters of received packets, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and Delay when compared to AODV. NS 2simulator is used for simulation with the version of 2.31. |
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Keywords |
Wireless Sensor networks, Congestion,Routing |
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| 8. |
A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR DEFENDING ROUTING ATTACKS IN OLSR MANET [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
K.URMILA VIDHYA , M. MOHANA PRIYA |
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Abstract |
MANET (Mobile Adhoc Networks) refers to
network designed for special application for which it is difficult to use a backbone network. In MANET, applications are involved with sensitive and secret
information. Since the MANET assumes a trusted environment for routing, security is major issue. In this
paper we analyze the vulnerabilities of a pro-active routing protocol called OLSR (Optimized link state routing) in
MANET. We investigate the various routing attacks that can be launched in OLSR. Analyzing the attack, we propose a
mechanism to secure the OLSR protocol from specific routing attack known as node isolation attack. |
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Keywords |
MANET, OLSR, routing attack |
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| 9. |
A Study on Comparing the Performance of Low Cost RFID Authentication Protocols [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
Ms. C. Divya |
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Abstract |
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a new technology that is used everywhere as RFID tags will be applied to every-day items in order to yield great productivity gains or “smart” applications for users. The use of RFID tags opens up the possibility for various attacks violating user privacy. This paper describes a complete analysis of various authentication protocols in three perspectives, namely data protection, tracking protection, and forward security. |
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Keywords |
RFID Tag, Authentication Protocols, Security. |
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| 10. |
A Versatile Algorithm for Reconstruction of Sports Video Sequences [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
P.Kannan, R.Ramakrishnan |
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Abstract |
An algorithm is developed for performing 3-D reconstruction of sports event video sequences. Our method for key frame selection that automatically avoids motion degeneracy and structure degeneracy and is robust to inaccurate correspondence caused by motion blur and
combines selection criteria based on the member of frame-toframe point orrespondence the relative quality of the
fundamental matrix and homography model for 3-D reconstruction are simulated and re-projection error is minimized. In the simulation with real synthetic data sets, we show that our method reconstruct 3-D sports event video
sequences accurately in the presence by noise and degenerate motion of normal camera. |
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Keywords |
Reconstructions, degeneracy, frame selection sampling, re-projection error, frame motion. |
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| 11. |
An Exploration on Data Distribution on Portable Middleware [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
Rajeswari G, Nithya B |
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Abstract |
The popularity of portable devices increasingly demands portable computing techniques.
Due to the special particularities of portable computing environments, users will typically modify local replicas of shared data independently during disconnection. The inconsistent data need to be reconciled when they get connected again. Message is also a kind of data that should be shared. It uses mobile agent to implement the service migration mechanism, and make the pervasive computing system adaptable to work in wide area networks. Message based middleware is a specific class of middleware that supports communication among distributed components via message passing. Existing message based middleware systems don’t support the real mobility and they simply replace messages of the same key, instead of reconciliation. Here, we analyze a scheme of conflict resolution for data sharing in portable computing, and propose a new framework of a Portable message based middleware with the support of data sharing, which is based on the conflict resolution scheme and an existing message based middleware system. The application of mobile agent enable PCS-W to be more suitable to work in WAN than conventional pervasive computing system. Experimental results show the Portable message based middleware system enables transparent sharing of messages across heterogeneous portable hosts. So users can conveniently manipulate and pass messages through asynchronous communication in portable computing environments. The system implements data sharing and provides asynchronous communication to adapt to portable computing environment. We should further improve the system, and apply the server in the distributed system to test the condition of a number of portable hosts.
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| 12. |
An optimized approach for Multicast Rekeying using MDS code on PFMH tree [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
S.Sasikala Devi, Dr.Antony Selvadoss Thanamani |
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Abstract |
For any multicast group communication,
group key agreement was found to be a vital challenge
because of its dynamic nature. Although many solutions
have been proposed to handle group key changes, this paper
gives different aspect for rekeying. A new multicast key
distribution scheme [1] was proposed to reduce computation
complexity by employing MDS codes, a class of error
control codes, on a key tree to distribute multicast key
dynamically instead of conventional encryption
algorithms. But that scheme is managing key
distribution in a centralized manner. In this paper we
propose a distributed key distribution scheme, using a logical
group key structure, PFMH tree, and the concept of
virtual user position. The proposed scheme applied upon
any single user join or leave and multi user joins or leave
event. This approach ensures the forward secrecy and
backward secrecy, reduces the rekeying complexity,
communication, computation and storage complexity and
time cost. |
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Keywords |
multicast, MDS code, logical group key structure, rekeying, erasure decoding. |
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| 13. |
BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION USING WAVELETS [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
A.Wims Magdalene Mary, Anto Prem Kumar, Anish Abraham Chacko |
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Abstract |
This paper is the implementation of the
source separation using wavelets. In this paper, the problem
considered is the enhancement and separation of speech
signals corrupted by environmental acoustic noise,
interferences and other speakers using array of microphones
containing at least two microphones.. This work presents the
implementation of the blind source separation using ICA
(Independent Component Analysis). ICA is a recently
developed method in which the goal is to find a linear
representation of non-gaussian data so that the components
are statiscally independent, or independent as possible. Such
a representation seems to capture the essential structure of
the data in many applications, including feature extraction
and signal separation. The ICA algorithm that uses wavelets
is used to exploit the structure in the signals of interest and
thus learn the source separation more efficiently. We
propose a new algorithm for blind source separation(BSS),
in which frequency-domain ICA and time-domain ICA are
combined to achieve a superior source-separation
performances. |
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Keywords |
Blind source separation, Discrete Wavelet Transforms, Independent Component Analysis. |
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| 14. |
Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Network [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
Nandini. S. Patil, Prof. P. R. Patil |
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Abstract |
Sensor networks are collection of sensor nodes which
co-operatively send sensed data to base station. As sensor nodes are
battery driven, an efficient utilization of power is essential in order
to use networks for long duration hence it is needed to reduce data
traffic inside sensor networks, reduce amount of data that need to
send to base station. The main goal of data aggregation algorithms
is to gather and aggregate data in an energy efficient manner so
that network lifetime is enhanced. Wireless sensor networks (WSN)
offer an increasingly Sensor nodes need less power for processing
as compared to transmitting data. It is preferable to do in network
processing inside network and reduce packet size. One such
approach is data aggregation which attractive method of data
gathering in distributed system architectures and dynamic access
via wireless connectivity. Wireless sensor networks have limited
computational power and limited memory and battery power, this
leads to increased complexity for application developers and often
results in applications that are closely coupled with network
protocols. In this paper, a data aggregation framework on wireless
sensor networks is presented. The framework works as a
middleware for aggregating data measured by a number of nodes
within a network.
The aim of the proposed work is to compare the
performance of TAG in terms of energy efficiency in comparison
with and without data aggregation in wireless sensor networks and
to assess the suitability of the protocol in an environment where
resources are limited. |
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Keywords |
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| 15. |
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE FOR SEMANTIC WEB MINING IN THE PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
A.Anny Leema,Dr.Hemalatha.M |
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Abstract |
The web has become a major vehicle in performing research and education related
activities for researches and students. There is some tremendous amount of information and knowledge
existing on the web which is to be discovered, shared and utilized. Web mining is the use of data mining
technologies to automatically interact and discover information from web documents, which can be
structured, unstructured or semi-structured form. Web mining is now a reality and the challenge is to
carry out semantic web mining. It is about machine-understandable web pages to make the web more
intelligent and able to provide services to the user. This means information on the web has to be mined
so that the machine can understand the content. An enterprise framework was developed that uses
semantic web mining, resource description framework, ontology and XML technology for an
educational domain. Performing ontology maintenance - currently takes a lot of time and is very
difficult. Recurring patterns can indicate relevant and/or necessary changes to the ontology. For
decision making and to increase speed and efficiency it is intended to implement semantic web mining
in parallel distributed environment in all tiers. It is also planned to establish an operational ontology
base with more granularities to realize intelligent interaction between user and machine and act as
better learning platform. |
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Keywords |
Semantic Web Mining |
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| 16. |
The climate effects on line of sight (LOS) in FSO communication [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
Srinivasan R, Dr. Sridharan D |
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Abstract |
The connectivity and presence of free space optics (FSO) systems in dependence on weather conditions and on
FSO link parameters with line of sight (LOS), such as transmitted optical power, beam divergence, receiver sensitivity or link
path distance, is discussed. A number of phenomena in the atmosphere, such as absorption, scattering, and turbulence, can
affect beam attenuation, but in the case of wavelengths typical of FSO systems operation, only scattering and turbulence are
appropriate to be taken into consideration. We model the power loss caused by turbulence by using the Rytov scintillation
theory. Attenuation due to scattering, which can be expressed as a function of the link distance, wavelength, and
meteorological visibility, is calculated from visibility data collected at several airports in Europe. Statistical evaluation of the
attenuation caused by scattering and the power link margin calculated from FSO link parameters are used for calculating the
presence of link. |
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Keywords |
FSO, reliable connection, ultrasonic feedback, climate effects, attenuation, LOS |
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| 17. |
An Efficient Path Completion Technique for web log mining [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
V.Chitraa,Dr. Antony Selvadoss Davamani |
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Abstract |
World Wide Web is a huge repository of web pages and links. It provides abundance information for the Internet users. The growth of web is tremendous as approximately one million pages are added daily. Users’ accesses are recorded in web logs. Because of the tremendous usage of web, the web log files are growing at a faster rate and the size is becoming huge. Web data mining is the application of data mining techniques in web data. Extraction of user behavior is an important work in Web Mining. Web Usage Mining applies mining techniques in log data to extract the behavior of users which is used in various applications like personalized services, adaptive web sites, customer profiling, prefetching, creating attractive web sites etc., Web usage mining consists of three phases preprocessing, pattern discovery and pattern analysis. Web log data is usually noisy and ambiguous and preprocessing is an important process before mining. For efficient mining process the transactions are to be constructed accurately which is an important task of preprocessing. This paper describes about the accomplishment of path completion, finding content path set, and travel path set which shows users interest. |
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Keywords |
preprocessing, data cleaning, path completion, travel path set, content path set |
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| 18. |
Review of security Analysis in LTE and WIMAX Environment [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
R.NARMADHA, Dr.S.MALARKKAN |
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Abstract |
ABSTRACT
Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is the next-generation beyond 3G network. LTE uses OFDM (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) radio access technology together with advanced antenna technologies. In addition to LTE, 3GPP has specified a flat, IP-based network architecture as part of the system architecture evolution (SAE) effort. It is the natural evolution of 3GPP GSM, WCDMA, and 3GPP2 CDMA networks.LTE security must provide at least the same level of security as provided by 3G security functions and still minimize the effect on the previous architecture. Authentication service is one of the most essential services in LTE networks, which has significant effects on internet security. First, we review the Security analysis and architecture of LTE . Then, we review the standardized authentication protocol such as PAP, LEAP ,EAP-TLS. More-over, we will review some papers related to the security issues and solutions on EAP TLS security protocol.We also further make some comparisons to these schemes on their features and performance. Finally,we conclude some future works for the interworking between LTE and WiMAX networks. |
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Keywords |
PAP; LEAP; EAP-TLS; LTE |
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| 19. |
Assessment of Training Algorithms in Artificial Neural Network for the prediction of COD from an Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment System [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
R.Vijayabhanu, V.Radha |
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Abstract |
ANN is being used in an increasing manner to
predict wastewater resources. The effluent COD is the most
common environmental and process performance indicator
for all types of Wastewater Treatment Systems. In this
exploration, to model an anaerobic reactor predicting the
COD Level using ANN, a simple feed forward, back
propagation neural network, with only one hidden layer,
and sigmoidal activation functions is used. The data used in
this paper for the feed forward neural network was analyzed
to detect and eliminate the missing values and outliers
(screen the data) using K-Means clustering method. The
three layered feed forward ANN is trained using various
back propagation training algorithms. Comparison of
results reveals that the Network architecture gives
reasonable performance for the COD prediction. |
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Keywords |
Wastewater treatment, Anaerobic digestion,K-Means Clustering, ANN, Back Propagation algorithms. |
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| 20. |
Congestion in Wireless Sensor Networks and Various Techniques for Mitigating Congestion - A Review [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
V. Vijayaraja,Dr. R. Rani Hemamalini |
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Abstract |
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), congestion occurs, for example, when nodes are densely distributed, and/or the application produces high flow rate near the sink due to the convergent nature of upstream traffic. Congestion may cause packet loss, which in turn lowers throughput and wastes energy. Therefore congestion in WSNs needs to be controlled for high energy-efficiency, to prolong system lifetime, improve fairness, and improve quality of service (QoS) in terms of throughput (or link utilization) and packet loss ratio along with the packet delay. In this paper the characteristics of WSNs are reviewed and challenges of reliable data transport over WSNs are discussed. The proposed reliable congestion control protocols and data transport protocols for WSNs are reviewed and summarized. The recent research progress in developing suitable transport protocols for WSNs, are surveyed. And finally, some future research directions of transport protocol in WSNs are discussed. |
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Keywords |
Wireless Sensor Networks, WSNs, Congestion control, reliable transport protocols. |
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| 21. |
Counter Terrorism [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
Vani.S |
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Abstract |
Data mining can be used to
model crime detection problems. Crimes are a
social nuisance and cost our society dearly in
several ways. Any research that can help in solving
crimes faster will pay for itself. About 10% of the
criminals commit about 50% of the crimes. Here
we look at use of clustering algorithm for a data
mining approach to help detect the crimes patterns
and speed up the process of solving crime. We
applied these techniques to real crime data from a
sheriff’s office and validated our results. We also
use semi-supervised learning technique here for
knowledge discovery from the crime records and to
help increase the predictive accuracy. We also
developed a weighting scheme for attributes here to
deal with limitations of various out of the box
clustering tools and techniques. This easy to
implement data mining framework works with the
geospatial plot of crime and helps to improve the
productivity of the detectives and other law
enforcement officers. It can also be applied for
counter terrorism for homeland security. |
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Keywords |
Data Mining, Clustering algorithm, Spatial Mining |
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| 22. |
Sensor less Vector control of PMSM using a blind system identification approach based on extended kalman filter algorithm [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
Bindu V, A Unnikrishnan, R Gopikakumari |
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Abstract |
This paper presents the estimation of rotor
position and speed of a permanent magnet synchronous
motor (PMSM) using only the measurements of three phase
stator currents. A sensor less PI speed control of PMSM is
developed in Simulink/Matlab environment using this blind
estimation technique. The paper proposes the modeling of
the dynamic equations of the permanent magnet
synchronous motor (PMSM) to describe the dynamics in
terms of direct axis current and voltage, quadarture axis
current and voltage, rotor position and synchronous speed.
The present work uses only the sensed line currents as
measurements thus following a blind system identification
approach. Conventional PI controller is used in outer speed
loop and in inner current control loop. |
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Keywords |
Permanent magnet synchronous motor, Speed and rotor position estimation, Extended Kalman filter, and PI controller |
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| 23. |
DATA MINING APPROACH FOR ON TIME DETECTION OF SPYWARE THREAT [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
K.Yamini, S.Sivapriyadarshini |
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Abstract |
Spyware is a kind of software that secretly
monitors the user's activities. Spyware programs
can collect various types of personal information,
such as user password, credit card number,
Internet surfing habits and sites that have been
visited. There are various predefined pattern
based detection systems that detect a range of
possible spywares. But they are not aware of
newly generated patterns and therefore not able
to detect spyware accurately. In this paper, we
propose a data mining approach to detect
spywares that can intrude into a system. We train
classifiers that are capable of classifying
malicious code from legitimate code. A small
training set can be employed to detect spyware
instead of large warehouses of collected
signatures. This training set grows with
experience. When a new spyware pattern is
identified by the classifier, it is included in the
spyware class. This is proved to be efficient in
future searches as it takes less time to classify the
same pattern when encountered next time. The
detection process is done prior to the storage of
any kind of file in the system. The webpages
downloaded by the system are also checked for
threats. This process is performed by using
association rule based classifiers. The contents of
the downloaded pages are scanned for spyware
patterns. All these processes ensure that the user
information collected by any source reaches only
the reliable destination. |
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Keywords |
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| 24. |
Competent Broadcasting in MANET [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
Ms. K. Vijayalakshmi, Mrs.S.Jeyanthi |
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Abstract |
In Mobile Ad Hoc Network, flooding is the vital
operation. Flooding suffers from signal collision, excessive
redundant of messages and resource contention. This causes
high protocol overhead and interference with the existing
traffic in the networks. In the existing system flooding
algorithms require every node has to maintain 2-hop (or
more) neighbors information. In our proposed system we
introduced two efficient broadcasting algorithms based on
100 percent deliverability and every node maintaining 1-hop
neighbor information. First, sender based broadcasting
algorithm that reduces the Time complexity of computing
forwarding nodes to O (n). Here, the number of forwarding
nodes in worst case is 11. Second, a simple and highly
efficient receiver based broadcasting algorithm, where nodes
are uniformly distributed, we prove that the probability of 2
neighbor nodes broadcasting the same message
exponentially decreases when the distance between them
decreases or when the node density increases. Using
simulation results, we confirm that the number of
broadcasts in our proposed receiver based broadcasting
algorithm can be even less than one of the best known
approximations for the minimum number of required
broadcasts. |
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Keywords |
Flooding, broadcasting, mobile ad -hoc |
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| 25. |
Performance Evaluation of Wibree LAN by using Extended Queueing Petri nets and Markov Algorithm along with Adaboost Algorithm [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
J.Ramkumar, V.B.Kirubanand |
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Abstract |
This paper focuses on how the extended petri
net models can be exploited by markov algorithm with
adaboost algorithm for performance evaluation of Wibree
local area network. We study a real world application and
demonstrate the benefits in terms of modeling power and
expressiveness that Wibree technology, EQPN model and
Markov algorithm with Adaboosting algorithm provide
over conventional modeling paradigms such as queueing
networks and petri nets. The EQPN model and Markov
algorithm with Adaboost algorithm is employed to
represent the performance behaviors and to minimize
energy consumption of the system under performance
constraints through mathematical programming
formulations. EQPNs facilitate the integration of both
hardware and software aspects of the system behavior in
the improved model. This lends itself very well to
modeling distributed component-based systems. Currently
available tools and techniques for EQPN analysis suffer
the state space explosion problem, imposing a limit on the
size of the models that are tractable. In addition to Wibree
technology in the systems and using EQPNs one can easily
model simultaneous resource possession, synchronization,
blocking and contentions for software resources. EQPNs
are very powerful as a performance analysis and
prediction tool. Improved solution methods, which enables
larger models to be analyzed and they need to be
developed. By demonstrating the power of EQPNs as a
modeling paradigm in realistic scenarios, we hope to
motivate further research in this area. |
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Keywords |
Wibree, LAN, EQPN, Markov, Bulk Service,Adaboost |
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| 26. |
PREVENTING ROGUE ACCESS IN WIRELESS NETWORKS [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
Preethi S, Poornima M |
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Abstract |
Wireless Communication is one of the
biggest assets provided to us through the evolution of
wireless networks. Its availability and flexibility has
attracted a large number of users in a short span of
time, but new technologies bring in new vulnerabilities.
Though wireless networking has many advantages and
privileges, due to the vulnerabilities of rogue access in
the network, it has prevented large enterprises and
business people from using the wireless communication
for sharing of critical information. Rogue access is the
most important threat that brings in a lot of problems
like denial of service, rogue clients. This paper
addresses a solution to prevent rogue access in wireless
network. Rogue access through MAC address spoofing
is detected and prevented from acquiring an access in a
network and also to prevent setting up of rogue access
points within an enterprise network. |
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Keywords |
Hybrid detection, Intrusion detection,MAC Spoofing, Rogue Access Point, Stateful Protocol Analysis. |
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| 27. |
SUITUATION BASED INTELLIGENCE ROUTING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
D.karthik, Dr.S.Nagarajan |
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Abstract |
Wireless sensor nodes are driven by limited power supply
where replacing or charging the batteries are not feasible. This paper
studies situation based intelligence routing as power minimization
technique. It uses an intermediate node to send out the packet, based
on the power passed by each sensor node and in case of fault
tolerance. Thus intelligence routing reduces power consumption by
minimizing the life time of the network when intelligence routing is
being applied. This paper explains what is situation based
intelligence routing, its benefits and how the routing changes
dynamically. Intelligence routing reduces the power consumption by
minimizing the number of transmissions required to communicate a
given amount of information across the network Evaluation results
indicate that the proposed solution is more efficient than non
intelligence routing which still meeting the required lifetime
constraints. |
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Keywords |
Intelligent routing, power minimization, Wireless sensor network (WSN). |
|
| 28. |
COLOR CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT BASED ON FUZZY MODEL FOR THINPREP CERVICAL CELL IMAGES [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
D.Vendhan, R.K.Selvakumar |
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Abstract |
ThinPrep monolayer cytology
was introduced to overcome the limitations of
conventional Pap smear test for screening of
cervical cancer. This study proposes a
contrast enhancement technique, which is only
applied on the cervical cell of interest. The
proposed technique is divided into two stages.
Before enhancement the membership value for
a pixel is identified using Fuzzy Trapezoidal
membership function. The image is enhanced
by the highest membership function value for a
pixel. The cervical cell of interest will be
applied with linear contrast algorithm and the
proposed nonlinear algorithms namely nonlinear
bright, non-linear middle and nonlinear
dark contrast to enhance the contrast of
the ThinPrep images. The results show that the
proposed technique improves the image
quality useful for further analysis by
pathologists. |
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Keywords |
Non-Linear Contrast,Trapezoidal Membership, Enhancement,Cervical cell. |
|
| 29. |
Comparative Analysis in 3D Face Recognition [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
Reji R,S.Ravi |
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Abstract |
In this paper, we introduce a new system for
3D face recognition. We are making use of 48 small
regions on the face that allow for the highest level of 3D
face recognition. We are translating the incoming image
to the origin and crop 48 regions, which is defined by
cuboids of appropriate radius centered at the nose tip.
We are making use of regions that are consistent in the
presence of facial expressions. Our algorithm reduces
the effects caused by variation in expression . We are
comparing and analyzing the performance based on 38
regions and 48 regions. |
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Keywords |
Expression variation, 3D face recognition,REFER, FRGC,MFRA. |
|
| 30. |
FREQUENCY REGULATION BY FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION IN POWER STATIONS [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
P. Nelson Vinotha Kumar Xavier, S. Muthukumar |
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Abstract |
It is necessary for the Power load
operators and regulators to manage distribution services
efficiently to maintain reliability of the power system.
Frequency regulation is one of the distribution services to be
supplied by the electricity market participants. The only way
to regulate frequency is to maintain the balance between
demand and supply in real time. In India, it is achieved
through a regulatory approach. In this Paper, an
investigation is made on Free Governor Mode of Operation
to demonstrate Frequency Regulation by adopting Free
Governor Mode of Operation. Simulation is a powerful
technique used to predict the performance or analyze the
behaviour of any closed loop control system. It is also used to
tune the controller gains or to design a control system.
Development of mathematical model is the first step in the
simulation study. Matlab and Simulink of Mathworks Inc. are
widely used in the academic and industrial world. A simple
model of a speed governing system of the steam turbine is
taken for illustrating the dynamic simulation. |
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Keywords |
FGMO, frequency regulation, speed governor |
|
| 31. |
Genetic Approach on Medical Image Segmentation by Generalized Spatial Fuzzy C- Means Algorithm [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
R Venkateswaran, S Muthukumar |
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Abstract |
Medical Image segmentation is an important tool in viewing and analyzing magnetic resonance (MR) images and solving a wide range of problems in medical imaging. The Fuzzy C means clustering algorithm performs well in the absence of noise as well as it considers only the pixel attributes and not its neighbors. This leads to accuracy degradation in the image segmentation process. This can be addressed by using Generalized spatial Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm (GSFCM), which utilizes both given pixel attributes and the spatial local information. This algorithm corresponds to the weights of the neighbor elements based on their distance attributes. Though GSFCM gives good output, the main drawback behind this method is the inability of generating global minima for the objective function. To improve the efficiency of this clustering algorithm, this paper proposes the genetic algorithm (GA) based GSFCM algorithm called GAGSFCM. By using GAGSFCM, the global minima of the clustering objective function can be reached. Although this algorithm has high computational complexity, it greatly improves the accuracy of the segmentation on medical images. |
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Keywords |
Segmentation, Clustering, FCM, GSFCM, GA, Optimization |
|
| 32. |
IMAGE SEGMENTATION OF CONCEALED OBJECTS DETECTED BY TERAHERTZ IMAGING [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
Sheeja Agustin. A, S.S. Vinsley, Dr.N.Krishnan |
|
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Abstract |
The detection of weapons concealed underneath a
person’s clothing is an important obstacle to the
improvement of the security of the general public as well as
the safety of public assets like airports and buildings.
Manual screening procedures for detecting concealed
weapons such as handguns, knives, and explosives are
common in controlled access settings like airports,
entrances to sensitive buildings, and public events. It is
desirable sometimes to be able to detect concealed weapons
from a standoff distance, especially when it is impossible to
arrange the flow of people through a controlled procedure.
Terahertz radiation is emitted as part of the black body
radiation from anything with temperatures greater than
about 10 Kelvin.Terahertz waves maintain reasonable
penetration depth in certain common materials, such as
cloth, plastic, wood, sand and soil. Therefore, THz
radiation can detect concealed weapons since many nonmetallic,
non-polar materials are transparent to this type of
radiation (and are not transparent to visible radiation).
In this paper the Multilevel
thresholding method is applied to get initial segmentation
of concealed objects in terahertz images .Then Gonzalez
method and Gonzalez Improved methods are proposed to
detect and segment concealed objects in terahertz images
more correctly with specific shape. The experimental
results show that the presented segmentation techniques
can successfully segment the concealed weapon from the
background body. |
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Keywords |
Image denoising, Object detection |
|
| 33. |
Face Detection with Facial Features and Gender Classification Based On Support Vector Machine [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
S.Ravi, S.Wilson |
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Abstract |
This paper presents a novel face detection and
gender classification strategy in color images under nonuniform
background. This is done by detecting the human
skin regions in image given and detecting facial features
based on the measurements in pixels. The proposed
algorithm converts the RGB image into the YCbCr color
space to detect the skin regions in the facial image. But in
order to detect facial features the color image is converted in
to gray scale image. This method locates the lip region and
the mouth region. From this, left and right eyes’ and the
nose regions are located. The gender classification method
classifies almost all the images with different image sizes.
The best classification rate is achieved using Linear Support
Vector Machine. |
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Keywords |
Color Space, Face Detection, Facial Feature Area, Gender Classification, Support Vector Machine. |
|
| 34. |
SVM Based License Plate Recognition System [Download PDF] |
|
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Authors |
Kumar Parasuraman, Member IEEE and Subin P.S |
|
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Abstract |
In this paper, we review the use of support vector
machine concept in license plate recognition. Support vector
machines (SVMs) are a set of related supervised learning
methods used for classification and regression. In simple words,
given a set of training examples, each marked as belonging to one
of two categories, an SVM training algorithm builds a model that
predicts whether a new example falls into one category or the
other. Intuitively, an SVM model is a representation of the
examples as points in space, mapped so that the examples of the
separate categories are divided by a clear gap that is as wide as
possible. New examples are then mapped into that same space
and predicted to belong to a category based on which side of the
gap they fall on. Here we are using the concept of SVM in LPR
systems. Then a number plate recognition algorithm is proposed
for character segmentation and recognition. This algorithm
employs an SVM to recognize numbers. The algorithm starts
from a collection of samples of numbers from number plates.
Each character is recognized by an SVM, which is trained by
some known samples in advance. In order to recognize a number
plate correctly, all numbers are tested one by one using the
trained model. The recognition results are achieved by finding
the maximum value between the outputs of SVMs. Multi-class
SVMs are developed to classify the given number plate
candidate. The experimental results show that our new method is
of higher recognition accuracy and higher processing speed than
using traditional SVM based multi-class classifier. This new
approach provides a good direction for automatic number plate
recognition. Here we can conclude SVM is better than any other
supervised learning. |
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Keywords |
Automatic Number Plate Recognition, Support vector machine. |
|
| 35. |
An Efficient Method for Indian Vehicle License Plate Extraction and Character Segmentation [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
Kumar Parasuraman, Member, IEEE and P.Vasantha Kumar |
|
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Abstract |
Automatic License Plate Identification (ALPI) has
many applications in traffic systems (highway electronic toll
collection, red light violation enforcement, border and customs
checkpoints, etc.). In this paper, a smart, simple and efficient
algorithm which is mainly designed for Indian license Plate
Recognition is presented for vehicle’s license plate recognition
system. The proposed algorithm consists of three major parts:
Extraction of plate region, segmentation of characters and
recognition of plate characters. For extracting the Plate region,
edge detection algorithm and vertical projection method are
used. In segmentation part, filtering, thinning and vertical and
horizontal projection are used. And finally, chain code concept
with different parameter is used for recognition of the
characters. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been
tested on real images. |
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Keywords |
License Plate Recognition, plate region extraction,segmentation, thinning, vertical and horizontal projection |
|
| 36. |
Highly Efficient BER Performance analysis for interference cancellation in non linear DS CDMA detectors using Dripple algorithm [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
J.Arun and J.Muralidharan |
|
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Abstract |
The Interference Cancellation (IC) for code
division multiple access (CDMA) is derived from the analysis of
hybrid models termed ‘Dripple’ which provides an improved
BER performance. The Multistage CDD yields highly efficient
relaying network by increasing the frequency selectivity which
provides the evaluation of end-to-end Bit Error Rate (BER).
The context of Asynchronous transmissions and random
spreading sequences for MC-DS-CDMA is derived based on
accurate average Bit Error Rate (BER).The evaluation of the
results are in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) for different
Signal-to-Noise Ratios(SNR’s).This is done by allocating
different subcarriers to the users at a lower data rate. With the
increase of Eb/N0 the BER performance is simulated. |
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Keywords |
DS-CDMA, Dripple algorithm, MinimumMean Square Error (MMSE), Non-linear Receiver, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Interference Cancellation, Multiple Access Interference (MAI). |
|
| 37. |
Energy Efficient PCP protocol for k- coverage in Sensor networks [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
C.I.Vimalarani,M.Senthilkumar |
|
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Abstract |
Wireless sensor networks are networks
used to collect an environmental information in an
area using sensor nodes with low power. The
sensors sense various informations in different
ways. So tha the sensors are expected to have
different sensing models.Probabilistic coverage
protocol (PCP) that can employ different sensing
models. In this paper our coverage protocol is
combined with K-coveragein order to increase the
coverage area and to minimize the energy
consumed by the sensor networks.For k-coverage
case an efficient approximation algorithm
DRKC(distributed randomised k-coverage
algorithm) is used to achieve low power
consumption.Our algorithm can be implemented
in a distributed manner with a local information
and a low message complexity. Simulation results
show that the distributed algorithm converges
faster and consumes much less energy than the
previous centralized algorithms. |
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Keywords |
Sensor networks, coverage in sensor networks, probabilistic coverage, coverage protocols. |
|
| 38. |
Automatic Detection of Follicles in Ultrasound Images of Ovaries using Active Contours Method [Download PDF] |
|
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Authors |
P.S.Hiremath and Jyothi R. Tegnoor |
|
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Abstract |
Knowledge about the status of the female
reproductive system is important for fertility problems and
age related family planning. The volume of these fertility
requests in our emancipated society is steadily increasing.
Transvaginal ultrasound imaging of the follicles in the
ovary gives important information about the ovarian aging,
i.e., number of follicles, size, position and response to
hormonal stimulation. Manual analysis of many follicles is
laborious and error-prone. In this paper, a new method for
recognition of follicles in ultrasound images of ovaries is
proposed. This fully automated segmentation method is
based on active contours without edge method. The
proposed technique is tested on ultrasonographic images of
ovaries. The experimental results are compared with
inferences drawn by medical expert and demonstrate the
efficacy of the method. |
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Keywords |
Ultrasound Image, Ovarian Follicle Recognition, Active Contours. |
|
| 39. |
Phase-Locked Loop with High stability against process variation and Gain-Boosting Charge Pump for Current Matching characteristics [Download PDF] |
|
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Authors |
Prof.V.Sujatha,Dr.R.S.D.Wahitha Banu,Prof.R.Sakthivel |
|
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Abstract |
The charge pump (CP) circuit is a key element in a phase-locked loop (PLL). Its function is to transform the Up and Down signals from the phase/frequency detector into current. In CMOS CPs, which have Up and Down switches made of p-channel MOS and n-channel MOS, respectively, a current mismatch occurs when dumping the charge to the loop filter. This current mismatch of the CP in the PLL generates fluctuations in the voltage-controlled-oscillator input and subsequently, a large phase noise on the PLL output signals. The primary purpose of this paper is to design a Charge pump phase-locked loop (CPLL) that can operate up to a frequency of 200 MHz using Gain-Boosting Charge Pump architecture. Good current matching characteristics can be achieved with less than 0.1% difference of the Up/Down current over the CP output voltage ranges of 0.5–1.2 V on 0.18-um 1.8-V CMOS processes. The process variation and the frequency fluctuation can be eliminated by using the concept of Self Biasing; current mirror with error amplifier is used for providing the highest current matching in the charge pump. This CPLL is design in CADENCE VIRTUOSO Environment, simulated and verified by using SPECTRE with 0.18-um 1.8-V CMOS TSMC technology parameters. |
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Keywords |
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| 40. |
PREDICTION OF RAINFALL USING IMAGE PROCESSING [Download PDF] |
|
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Authors |
K.Kaviarasu, P.Sujith and Mr. G. Ayaappan |
|
|
Abstract |
Water is elixir of life. So rainfall becomes the inevitable part of every nation which decides the prosperity and economic scenario of a country. In this fast moving world, estimation of rainfall has become a necessity especially when the global heat levels are soaring. The proposed approach here is to use the digital cloud images to predict rainfall. Considering the cost factors and security issues, it is better to predict rainfall from digital cloud images rather than satellite images. The status of sky is found using wavelet. The status of cloud is found using the Cloud Mask Algorithm. The type of cloud can be evolved using the K-Means Clustering technique. As per previous research works done by the researchers, it is stated the Nimbostratus and Cumulonimbus are the rainfall clouds and other clouds like cumulus will produce rain at some rare chances. The type of rainfall cloud is predicted by analyzing the color and density of the cloud images. The cloud images are stored as JPEG file in the file system. Analysis was done over several images. The result predicts the type of cloud with its information like classification, appearance and altitude and will provide the status of the rainfall. The proposed approach can be utilized by common people to just take the photograph of cloud and can come to conclusion about the status of rainfall and to get the desired detail. |
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Keywords |
Terms—Rainfall, Cloud Mask Algorithm, K-Means Clustering, Cloud Images. |
|
| 41. |
Improved Network Security using Dynamic Encryption [Download PDF] |
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Authors |
S.Muthukumar,SAEC,Anna University,Chennai, Dr.S.Shanmugavel,Professor/ECE,Anna University,Chennai,S.Selvakumar |
|
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Abstract |
This Paper Proposed an implementation of security in ATM Networks using nonlinear Differential Equation. ATM is considered as the network for the future.In this paper, we first give a brief introduction of ATM network and Security threats. our dynamic encryption algorithm gives the more security to existing algorithms. secure transmissions id done by Arnold Transmission |
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Keywords |
ATM Network, Dynamic Encryption,Arnold Transmission |
